Filmed in secret over three years, at night, on the rooftops of Tel Aviv, 24 Israeli military and intelligence officers, soldiers and whistleblowers speak anonymously, their faces and voices digitally disguised. Questioned by co-director Yuval Abraham, they describe in detail the surveillance and targeting systems used during the war in Gaza, including the role of AI-assisted tools, and the procedures by which civilian casualties were weighed against military targets. The title is taken from a military acronym for collateral damage in airstrikes. Building on reporting published by The Guardian and Israeli outlets, the film assembles its testimony chapter by chapter into what its makers present as an account of how civilian deaths became systematic. From the directors of the Oscar-winning No Other Land, this restrained, cinematic documentary relies on the slow accumulation of testimony rather than rhetoric, setting its anonymous rooftop interviews against eerie night-time images of Tel Aviv. Critics described it as urgent and deeply unsettling, praising its access and its controlled, chaptered structure; some noted that many of its revelations had already been reported, and that it focuses on how decisions were made rather than on moral reflection. The film won strong praise from critics but was condemned by Israeli government ministers, who attacked its directors. A sober, harrowing and contentious work.

NAZA won the Special Jury Prize at the 2026 Venice Film Festival. Jonathan Glazer, director of The Zone of Interest, is among its executive producers.